2. 利比里亚的经济作物
2.2 棕榈油
2.3水稻
3. 利比里亚的农业政策
4. 农业部门面临的挑战
利比里亚的农业是国内冲突期间受到严重影响的部门之一。在此期间，耕地资源和水资源管理受到影响，粮食生产和整体生产力降低，导致赤贫加剧。如今，用于农业的技术投入非常低，对产能造成了影响。
此外，利比里亚的农民没有采用现代种植方法。农业还缺乏其他高质量的投入，比如，很少有农民使用肥料。此外，支持或促进农产品流通的基础设施发展极为缓慢，农民因此难以扩大生产。另一方面，不健全的道路网络以及高昂的运输成本限制了农产品流通。
不完善的土地所有权记录阻碍了农业的发展。土地所有权是利比里亚的一大问题，大多数土地所有者缺乏土地持有记录，因此，他们无法扩大种植面积。根据利比里亚的政策，外国人禁止拥有当地的土地。然而，这项政策对于当地人也没有产生好处，因为他们缺乏土地开发种植的资源。此外，农产品的市场流通渠道有限，从而难以激励农业生产者(即小农)。
总而言之，利比里亚的农业部门在国际合作伙伴的支持下，正努力对农业进行大量投资以消除贫困。此外，政府应开始重建国家研发(R&D)系统，以加强对服务需求的响应，提高服务质量，确保系统的可持续性，并进行土地改革，以便进行长期规划、使用和投资，并提高土地作为生产性资产的需求。最后，政府应该提高效率，高效规划、实施并监测项目，从而维持自然资源、减轻生产者风险以及将性别和青年问题纳入主流的方案。
5. COVID-19疫情中期的农业发展
COVID-19新型冠状病毒对世界各地的农业发展都产生了影响。为应对这场危机造成的不利影响，利比里亚农业部制定了农业粮食政策和措施，其中一些政策影响了农产品/食品从生产者到消费者之间的流通渠道。疫情期间实施的政策和措施概述如下。
- 政府为受疫情影响的限制定了一项2500万美元的计划，向当地家庭分发食物，并提供免费的水电。
- 财政部部长和农业发展规划部部长与非洲银行签署了担保协议，在疫情期间为大米加工公司帮助小农提供农业贷款从而促进国内大米加工市场。
- 农业部监测基本农产品的市场价格，以防止市民高价购买农产品。这项工作得到了欧盟-利比里亚农业方案-营养和创业发展农业蓝图，加强可持续性 (EULAP-PARTNERS)方案的支持。
- 利比里亚冠状病毒执行委员会(ECOC)和农业部(MoA)启动了一项农业运输许可证制度，即流动和管制服务(MOCO)，以帮助农民、粮食生产商、粮食加工商和销售商在封锁期间利用手机平台获取跨县运输食品的通行证。
参考文献：
[1]Abrafi Foh N.Y, Fanny M & Said J (2020). Food Supply Chains Are Holding Up in Advanced Countries. Retrieved 31 Dec, 2021 from https://institute.global/advisory/different-approach-strengthening-african-food-systems
[2]Carter, G. M. (1968). Growth without Development: An Economic Survey of Liberia. Robert W. Clower, George Dalton, Mitchell Harwitz, A. A. Walters. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 17(1), 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1086/450342
[3]Fair Labor Worldwide (2011). Rubber Production in Liberia: An Exploratory Assessment of Living and Working Conditions, with Special Attention to Forced Labor. Accessed at https://www.verite.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Research-on-Working-Conditions-in-the-Liberia-Rubber-Sector__9.16.pdf
[4]Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation (2020). National agrifood systems and COVID-19 in Liberia Effects, policy responses and long-term implications. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/cb2114en/CB2114EN.pdf.
[5]International Trade Administration (2020). Liberia - Country Commercial Guide: Agricultural Sectors. Accessed on 31 Dec 2021 at https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/liberia-agricultural-sectors
[6]Ministry of Agriculture (2012). National Rice Development Strategy of Liberia Doubling Rice Production. Retrieved from https://riceforafrica.net/downloads/NRDS/LNRDS.pdf
[7]Ministry of Agriculture (Republic of Liberia Monrovia, Liberia. Food and Agriculture Policy and Strategy "From Subsistence to Sufficiency". Retrieved 31 Dec 2021, from https://www.moci.gov.lr/doc/Food and Agriculture Policy and Strategy.pdf
[8]Patel, Nitesh (June 2013). "Liberia Comprehensive Food Security and Nutrition Survey (CFSNS) June, 2013". Accessed at www.moaliberia.org. Liberian Ministry of Agriculture on 31 Dec 2021.
[9]Nicholas Parkinson (2013). The Revival of the Grain Coast: Organic Farming in Liberia. Retrieved at http://www.goodfoodworld.com/2013/10/the-revival-of-the-grain-coast-organic-farming-in-liberia/.
[10]World Bank, (2017). Comprehensive Assessment of the Agriculture Sector in Liberia: Volume 1, Synthesis Report. Accessed at https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/7677
[11] World Bank (2016). West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program. Retrieved on 31 Dec, 2021 from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/the-west-africa-agricultural-productivity-program
电子科技大学西非研究中心介绍
一、中心概况
电子科技大学西非研究中心成立于2017年4月，是由电子科技大学与加纳大学、加纳海岸角大学、加纳行政管理学院、加纳温尼巴教育大学、加纳发展大学共同筹建的联合研究中心。中心依托电子科技大学公共管理学院，由赵蜀蓉教授担任中心主任。
西非研究中心的成立，是电子科技大学践行国家“哲学社会科学走出去战略”的一项重要举措，也是电子科技大学构建国际化跨学科研究体系、打造新型高端“智库”的有益探索。
西非研究中心立足于电子科技大学学科与国际交流优势，着眼于西非国家发展的现实问题和需求，以留学生人才培养为基础，搭建高水平的国际学术交流平台，发布研究课题，开展联合研究，为我国及西非国家提供高水平智库服务。
2021年3月，电子科技大学西非研究中心入选教育部高校国别和区域研究备案中心。
二、中心研究
研究对象：以加纳、贝宁、塞内加尔等重点西非国家为主的西非国别研究。
研究领域：中国-西非政治、经济与社会发展、公共管理、教育、文学、文化等领域研究；中国－西非经贸合作；中国－西非政府间关系研究。
三、中心的目标和任务：
西非研究中心联合加纳5所高校成员单位、电子科技大学西非校友会和加纳中华工商总会，着力打造集留学生人才培养基地、学术交流平台、西非研究智库为一体的“1 1 1”中非合作新模式，即：
1. 构建一个人才培养基地。中心将协助拓展来华留学生的西非生源，丰富电子科技大学本科、硕士、博士多层次留学生培养体系；开展西非海外干部培训、师资培训、定制化ICT与工程培训、学生暑期实践项目等，致力于构建集学历教育、在职培训、实训实践为一体的多元化、特色化的海外人才培训基地；帮助中资企业培养本土化人才，解决经济与社会发展问题。
2.搭建一个学术与文化交流平台。通过定期举办“西非论坛”等国际性学术会议、中非友谊·学术文化交流月，推广文化资源3D平台海外落地展项目、中国-西非国际产学研合作项目，致力于搭建集学术、人文、科技等多领域的中非交流与合作平台，提升中国高校、企业在非洲影响力与文化软实力。
3.建立一个西非研究智库。中心结合海内外成员单位的学科优势与研究特色，致力于西非经济、政治、人文交流的研究，加强与加纳“伊曼尼政策教育中心”(全球智库排名113)、“统计、社会和经济研究院”(全球智库排名164)等西非智库组织合作，加强联合研究、发布与承接西非研究课题，为中国政府及西非国家提供政策咨询，在教育与人才培养、科技服务、经济与企业管理及公共与政治管理等方面为国家提供高水平智库服务，发展成为具有一定影响力的西非研究智库中心。
四、中心成员单位
西非成员单位：加纳大学、加纳海岸角大学、加纳行政管理学院、加纳温尼巴教育大学、加纳发展大学、西非校友会。
电子科技大学成员单位：公共管理学院、经济与管理学院、外国语学院、国际教育学院、马克思主义教育学院、科学技术发展研究院、机械与电气工程学院、信息与软件工程学院。
五、中心信息化建设
中文网站：https://cwas.uestc.edu.cn/sy.htm
英文网站：https://cwas.uestc.edu.cn/English/Home.htm
微信公众号：gh_bfde9ecc926a（公众号名称：电子科技大学西非研究中心）
About Center for West African Studies of UESTC
1. Introduction
The Center for West African Studiesof University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (CWASof UESTC)isaresearch center jointly established by University of Electronic Science andTechnology of China (UESTC), University of Ghana (UG), University of Cape Coast(UCC), Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA),University of Education, Winneba (UEW), and University for Development Studies(UDS)in April 2017. The Center is based in the School of Public Affairs andAdministration at UESTC and is headed by Professor ShuRong Zhao.
The establishment of CWAS is animportant initiative of UESTC to pursue China’s “Philosophy and Social Sciences‘Going Global’ Strategy” and a beneficial practice for UESTC to build aninternational interdisciplinary research system and a new type of high-level“Think Tank”.
In March 2021, the CWAS of UESTCwas accredited by the Ministry of Education of China as the Center for Nationaland Regional Studies for Universities.
2. ResearchDirection
Research Targets:Focusing on Ghana, Benin, Senegal, and other major West African countries and WestAfrican regions.
Research Areas:China-West Africa politic science, economic and social development, publicadministration, education, literature and culture, etc.; China-West Africaeconomic and trade cooperation; China-West Africa intergovernmental relations.
3. Mission and Goals
The Center for West AfricanStudies, together with five member institutions of universities in Ghana, UESTCAlumni in West Africa for West African Studies, and the Ghana Chinese Chamberof Commerce, strives to create a "1 1 1" new research model ofChina-Africa cooperation, which integrates a Talent Training Base, an Academic ExchangePlatform and a Think Tank for West African studies. It aims to:
(1) To serve as aTalent Training Base. The Center helps to expand the source of international students from West Africa and enrich themulti-level international student training system of UESTC for undergraduate,master, and doctor. Also, it carries out overseas cadre training, teachertraining, customized ICT and engineering training, and summer practice programsfor students in West Africa, and devotes itself to building a persified anddistinctive overseas talent training base which integrates academic education,on-the-job training and practical training, and cultivates local talents forChinese enterprises to address economic and social development problems.
(2) To build an AcademicExchange Platform.Through regularly holding international academic conferences such as Forum on West African Studies,organizing China-Africa Friendship—Academic—Culture Exchanges Month, andpromoting overseas exhibitions of 3D platforms for cultural resources andChina-West Africa International Industry-Academia-Research Cooperation Project,the Center is committed to building a platform for China-Africa exchanges andcooperations in various fields such as academics, humanities, science andtechnology, and enhancing the influence and cultural soft power of Chineseuniversities and enterprises in Africa.
(3) To establish a ThinkTank for West African studies.The Center is committed to research on economic, political, and humanistic exchanges in WestAfrica by utilizing the disciplinary strengths and featured research of itsmembers both in China and abroad. It works to strengthen cooperations with WestAfrican think tanks such as the Imani Center for Policy Education (ranked 113in global think tanks) and the Institute for Statistics, Social and EconomicResearch (ranked 164 in global think tanks) as part of efforts to enhance jointresearch, and collectively publish and undertake research projects on WestAfrican studies. The Center also aims to propose policy advice to the Chinesegovernment and West African countries, provide high-level think tank services forChina in fields covering talent training, science and technology services,economic and business management, and public and political governance. And, italso strives to become an influential think tank center for West African studies.
4. Memberships
West African Members：
University ofGhana（UG），University of Cape Coast(UCC)，Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA), Universityof Education, Winneba(UEW)，University of DevelopmentStudies(UDS)，West African Alumni Association.
UESTC Members：
School of PublicAffairs and Administration, School of Management and Economics，School of Foreign Languages，School ofInternational Education，School of Marxism，Office of Scientific Research & Development, School ofMechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Information and SoftwareEngineering.
5. Websites andWechat Official Account
Chinese Website：https://cwas.uestc.edu.cn/sy.htm
English Website：https://cwas.uestc.edu.cn/English/Home.htm
Wechat OfficialAccount：gh_bfde9ecc926a
6. Contact Us
Tel：0086-028-61831756/61831706
E-mail：cwasuestc@163.com
Address：Office 450, Center for West AfricanStudies, Qingshuihe Campus, University of Electronic Science and Technology ofChina, No. 2006, Xiyuan Avenue, High-Tech Zone (West District), Chengdu, China.
