美国的绿卡可以在银行开户吗(去美国旅游可以在美国银行开户吗)

很早以前的文章：从临时绿卡到十年绿卡的过程 写过十年绿卡攻略。今天这篇文章是一个更新补充版，补充了我申请十绿的时间线，也补充了英文版。英文版在后面。

本文不具有法律效益，一切请以美国移民局USCIS官方网站为准：https://www.uscis.gov/greencard

持K1签证移民到美国，大部分过程是这样的：

申请K1签证 → 持签证入境美国 → 申请临时绿卡 → 申请十年绿卡 → 如满三年可归化入美国籍（如想入籍的话可以申请入籍，如不想入籍就继续持有绿卡）

持CR1签证移民到美国，大部分过程是这样的：

申请CR1签证 → 持签证入境美国 → 收到临绿（无需申请临绿会寄到家） → 申请十年绿卡 → 如满三年可归化入美国籍（如想入籍的话可以申请入籍，如不想入籍就继续持有绿卡）

临时绿卡和永久绿卡：

与美国公民结婚后，其外籍配偶和子女可以以直系亲属的身份申请绿卡。在申请绿卡中，如果移民申请批准的时候，婚姻还未满2年，那么申请人取得绿卡为条件绿卡（conditions of residence 信息来源：https://www.uscis.gov/green-card/after-green-card-granted/conditional-permanent-residence），也是大家通常所说的临时绿卡。

在临时绿卡期满前90天内，可以申请转为永久绿卡（I-751 Petition to Remove Conditions of Residence）。永久绿卡一般10年期限，因此也叫十年绿卡。

两种绿卡的差别：

临时绿卡与十年绿卡的权利义务基本一样，例如工作或者生活，短期出国旅行不需要美国驻外使领馆取得回美签证。但有效期不同。

有效期：临时绿卡有效期只有两年，如果在有效期内没有转换成正式绿卡，那么临时绿卡过期后，会被认为是自动放弃了绿卡。十年绿卡一般是10年期限，到期后可以延期。

十年绿卡申请时间：

临时绿卡的有效期为两年，两年期满前的90天内，夫妻两人需要一起向移民局提出转十年绿卡的申请（I-751 Petition to Remove Conditions of Residence）。

此信息来源：https://www.uscis.gov/i-751

（官方网页详细介绍了I-751 Petition to Remove Conditions of Residence的情况，包括费用，申请条件等）

临时绿卡转正两年的计算的开始日期是取得临时绿卡的日期而不是结婚的日期。按此计算，如果申请人在结婚六个月后取得临时绿卡，那么他取得正式绿卡的时间将是在取得临时绿卡两年后，即结婚的两年六个月后。绿卡转正时间的窗口是从取得临时绿卡后一年九个月到两年的期间。

未在有效期内提交申请的后果：

但如果有特殊原因没有按时递交申请则临时绿卡会被自动终止，移民局会发出出境通知，随后开始递解出境的诉讼。但如可以合理解释其未及时提交的原因，那么移民局可以酌情谅解并批准该过期申请：例如在通知出庭的听证会上提出未能及时申请的有利证据，或者请律师书面向移民局陈述合理正当的理由。

申请从有条件绿卡改换十年绿卡的资格
外籍配偶在与美国公民或永久居民结婚仍保持婚姻关系差90天即达两年者(与外籍配偶同时取得有条件居留的子女也包括在内)。
在外籍配偶取得有条件居留后90天才申请条件居留的子女。也就是不包括在外籍配偶申请有条件居留申请表内的子女。
真实婚姻的美国籍公民或永久居民的未亡人。
真诚婚姻，却因各种原因而离异或宣布无效者。
真诚婚姻，却因美籍配偶虐待外籍配偶或其子女。

十年绿卡的申请材料

美籍或永久居留配偶联合办理申请﹕

1. 夫妇共同填写及签名I-751申请取消有条件居留表格https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-751.pdf；
2. Cover Sheet（方便面试官查看）
3. 缴费680美元（支付方式）
4. 临时绿卡复印件；
5. 真诚婚姻证明，包括两人的共同居所证明，共有财产，水电费账单，联名账户，信用卡账单，两人的子女出生纸，含有两个人名字的保险单，两个人的联合税单，假期行程单酒店账单，家庭合影等等。

这是最单纯的也是大部分情况下调整为永久居留的方式。

如果为美籍配偶的未亡人﹕

1. 填I-751表；
2. Cover Sheet（方便面试官查看）
3. 缴费680美元（支付方式）
4. 临时绿卡副本；
5. 真诚的婚姻证明，包括与美籍配偶共居住宅的租约，曾经拥有共有财产，子女出生纸，及配偶死亡证书副本。

除了配偶死亡之外婚姻消失情况﹕

1. I-751表格；
2. Cover Sheet（方便面试官查看）
3. 缴费680美元
4. 临时绿卡副本；
5. 真诚婚姻证明，包括曾经同居住所的租约，曾经拥有共同财产，子女出生纸，离婚或婚姻失效证明副本，证明并非外籍配偶之错误而导致离婚或婚姻无效。

受虐配偶的申请﹕

1. I- 751表格﹔
2. Cover Sheet（方便面试官查看）
3. 缴费
4. 临时绿卡副本；
5. 真诚婚姻证明，包括曾经同居，共有财产，子女出生纸，子女或本人受虐的自白书，[例如身体受虐的报告，社工的评估，因为受虐而离婚的证明]，并非外籍配偶之错而离婚的证明，离开美国会导致极端困境的证明。

如果子女分开办理更换永久居留身份﹕

1. I-751表；
2. Cover Sheet（方便面试官查看）
3. 缴费
4. 临时绿卡副本；
5. 书面说明与外籍父或母分开办理的原因。

准备好申请材料之后，请https://www.uscis.gov/i-751此网页中找到“Where to File”，点击查看你所在州，找到相应的官方邮寄地址。

Where to file

U.S. postal Service (USPS):

USCIS

P.O. Box 21200

Phoenix, AZ 85036

FedEx, UPS, and DHL deliveries:

USCIS

Attn: I-751

1820 E. Skyharbor Circle S

Suite 100

Phoenix, AZ 85034

1.邮寄后等待通知，移民局会寄1-797 notice of actiion给你。如下图

也可以去https://egov.uscis.gov/casestatus/landing.do查看case状态，或者下载我推荐两个美国移民签证查询的APP

2.通知打指模，要求申请人前往移民局的申请服务中心，该中心将使用电子设备采集申请人的生物统计信息（照片、签名、指纹）。

采集十指指纹是为了调查14至79岁申请人是否有犯罪记录。

然而，移民局在某些情况下可以使用以前采集的生物统计信息。在这种情况下，将不会被安排采集生物统计信息的预约。

3.收到面试通知。（有的人也没有面试，比如我，就没有接到面试通知）

4.面试通过后，美国移民局将制作I-551卡（即“绿卡”）。除非在I-751获批之后向移民局提供了新地址，否则绿卡应在I-751批准后的60天内寄到I-751表中提供的美国邮寄地址。

拿到绿卡后应仔细检查，确保卡片信息准确无误。然后将绿卡的正反两面扫描后发送给本律所。移民局偶尔会在绿卡信息上出错，因此我们要仔细检查一遍。此外，还需注意：

类别：在“Category”（即“类别”）下面，旧卡显示CR1，CR2，CR6或CR7。在新卡上，字母CR（附加条件的永居民）应已改成IR（直系亲属）。如果旧卡类别是CF1或FF2，则新卡类别应该将CF（附条件未婚妻）替换为IF（直接未婚妻）。

过期日期：虽然永久居民身份是无期限的，但绿卡本身会过期。持卡人在申请入籍美国之前，需要定期续签绿卡。14岁以上的正式永居民的绿卡有效期为10年。未满14岁的，须在14岁生日前30日内申请新卡（临时出境美国的持卡人，应在返回美国后30日内申请新卡）。

居民起始日：该日期应该是附条件永居民身份第一次在入境后生效的日期或通过身份调整申请获得附条件永居民的日期。

具体时间线可以查看后面我申请十绿的时间线。

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办理从有条件绿卡更换十年绿卡时，当事人必须人在美国吗？
办理申请时外籍配偶不需要人在美国，但是移民局要与夫妇面试时，则必须回到美国来。请注意，是夫妇一起面试。如英语不好，无法用英文回答面试官问题的话，可以请律师。

无须夫妻联合申请的特殊情形：

在一些特定情况下，临时绿卡可以由外籍配偶和子女单方面任意时间提出转为永久绿卡，但需提供相关证明：

配偶的美国公民一方去世

申请时已经离婚，但先前的婚姻是真实有效的

外籍配偶或子女遭遇到家庭暴力

外籍配偶如果遭到遣返会陷入极端困境

申请永久绿卡期间可以出国么？

递交永久绿卡申请后，移民局会签发给申请人一份申请收据，临时绿卡的有效期会在收到移民局的申请收据后自动延续一年。想要这个时候出境的申请人，可以凭借收据和临时绿卡文件自由出境。

满三年可归化入美国籍，那么我是否可以先申请入籍，这样免了申请十绿？

不能，必须先申请十绿再申请入籍。可以在提交了十绿申请，在等待十绿期间同时提交入籍申请。

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以下是我申请十绿的时间线：

2020年2月29日去银行寄出签证费595美元 录指模费用85美元（一共680美元），寄出十绿申请材料。这次又是老公全程准备的材料。我就是在旁边看着，他准备好了之后，我们相互检查了几遍才寄出。

网上有人说美国公民的配偶不需要寄这85美元打指模的费用。但是实际情况是需要的！有的人就因为没有寄85美元打指模的费用被要求补材料。我个人的意见是还是寄吧，免得移民局搞什么幺蛾子。

2020年3月3日根据track number，他们收到申请材料。

2020年3月10日收到USCIS短信: “Your case was received. Receipt # *********. Official Receipt Notice (Form I-797) to follow in mail. Msg & Data rates may apply. DO NOT REPLY”。好惊讶啊，USCIS居然发短信通知。

2020年3月12日收到USCIS的I-797信件通知。这个信件一定要收好！很重要！I-797信件将条件绿卡（也叫临时绿卡）有效期延长18个月，所以有时候也叫这个I-797信件为延长信。如果想回国，可以拿着中国护照 过期绿卡 延长信就可以了。不过，美国疫情接着爆发了，我一直在美国，没有回国。

2021年3月13日，等了一年，收到USCIS的信件，通知他们会用我过去的biometric信息，我不需要biometric appointment ，意思是我不需要去录指纹了。之前申请临绿是需要去录指纹的，这次因为疫情的原因，这次居然不用了。但是信件中说录指纹的费用不退。老公说移民局真是赚钱。

2021年4月17日，我平时很少查case status，不知道为什么4月17日这天查看一下，发现4月16日状态更新了解了，写着“New Card Is Being Produced”！哈哈，我绿卡通过了！全文如下：“On April 16, 2021, we ordered your new card for Receipt Number LIN2090******, and will mail it to the address you gave us. If you move, go to www.uscis.gov/addresschange to give us your new mailing address.”

2021年21日，状态更新“Card Was Mails To Me”，说明他们很快要寄出我的绿卡了。

2021年22日，状态更新“Card Was Picked Up By The United States Postal Service”，还给了一个查询号码，一查号码，发现今天已经投递了，我立刻打开自己家的邮箱，果然，收到了我的十年绿卡！哈哈开心！从去年3月提交申请到今天收到花了14个月时间！感谢老公在申请过程中的细心准备，我几乎就没有操心过。

从2020年2月29日到2021年收到我的十年绿卡，花费14个月的时间。坐标俄亥俄州。每个地方，每个人的情况不一样。有的人甚至半年就收到了十绿，有的人甚至花了两年，这取决于移民局的办事效率。普遍的情况来看，要大概一年多。

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Removing Conditions (I-751) on US Permanent Residency Step-by-Step Guide

Background:

A permanent resident is given the privilege of living and working in the United States permanently. A persons permanent residence status will be conditional if it is based on a marriage that was less than two years old on the day they were given permanent residence. A person is also given conditional resident status on the day they are lawfully admitted to the United States on an immigrant visa (having been married less than two years and entering on a CR-1 Visa). A persons permanent resident status is conditional, because they must prove that they did not get married to evade the immigration laws of the United States.

When to File:

If you are filing jointly, the I-751 form must be filed within the 90 days just preceding the expiration date on your permanent residence card. This is the date that your conditional residence expires. Note that, despite the fact that you may see word "anniversary" used in a confusing way regarding the filing date for removal of conditions, your wedding date is completely irrelevant to determining the window of time during which you may file for removal of conditions. If you and your spouse are outside the United States on orders of the U.S. Government during the period in which the petition must be filed, you may file it within 90 days of your return to the United States. See the USCIS webpage for more specific instructions, and search the forum for stories of several people who have done this successfully.

It is very important to file the I-751 within the correct window of time, and be sure not to file it before the 90-day window. If you file it too early, they will send your application back. You may file at any time during the 90 day window, but it is prudent to file fairly early in the window.

If you fail to properly file the Form I-751 (Petition to Remove the Conditions on Residence) within the 90-day period before your second anniversary as a conditional resident, your conditional resident status will automatically be terminated and the USCIS will order removal proceedings against you. You will receive a notice from the USCIS telling you that you have failed to remove the conditions, and you will also receive a Notice to Appear at a hearing. At the hearing you may review and rebut the evidence against you. You are responsible for proving that you complied with the requirements (the USCIS is not responsible for proving that you did not comply with the requirements).

The USCIS may send a reminder to file this petition on time, however you should not rely on this reminder -- postal delivery is never without faults. Not receiving the letter is not an excuse for filing late.

Download the Following Forms:

1. I-751（https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-751.pdf）

The above form can be filled out on your computer and printed. Make sure you sign and date them as required. Anything you cannot fit by typing, you can handwrite (very neatly) in black ink in the blank instead. You should always verify the current forms at www.uscis.gov.

Assembling the I-751 Package:

Forms and Documents (follow these assembly instructions. All supporting documents must be in English or be translated as noted here.):

1. Payment as required by USCIS. Use a personal check so you can track the payment. Money Orders are also accepted. Read the Guide to Paying USCIS Immigration Fees.

2. Cover Sheet

3. Form I-751, Petition to Remove the Conditions on Residence

4. Copy of the Green Card (Front and Back) for the person filing to remove conditions (and any K2 children)

5. Evidence of Bona fide Relationship (see below)

Evidence of Your Bona fide Marital Relationship

A crucial part of filing this form is that you present evidence of your bona fide marital relationship, as your removal of conditions is based upon your marriage. There are a variety of documentations that you may submit. While the USCIS instructions for the I-751 say that evidence should cover the entire period from your marriage up to the present date, there is no need to repeat evidence that you already submitted to them earlier. Many couples submit no evidence whatsoever covering the period before their first interview. In any case, its helpful to concentrate on the evidence that has developed since they last interviewed you.

You do not have to have all of the types listed below as proof of the relationship; supply as many as you like. If you are short on the documents that have both of your names listed on them you MAY include affidavits from people who know you as a couple, confirming your marital relationship -- note that they are not required. If you have very little documentary evidence, you may find affidavits helpful. Additionally, you will need to submit a copy of the green card of the person who is applying for removal of conditions. IF you have K-2 children who will also be filing for removal of conditions at the same time, you may include them and use only one form and only one fee for the form.

On the "dont panic" front -- ultimately the burden of proof is on the CIS to show a fraudulent marriage. Even if CIS denies, the application can be renewed in front of an Immigration Judge (IJ) in Removal Proceedings -- and the IJs tend to APPROVE those cases.

ONLY SEND COPIES of evidence. The copies should be clear and all marks pertaining to filings, registration and/or government issuance should be clearly shown.

Examples of documents showing a bona fide relationship (Submit COPIES only. Do not send originals):

1. A deed, showing co-ownership of your property or a lease agreement with both of your names on the

lease.

2. Utility bills, credit card bills, and other types of bills which have both of your names on them. Since many utilities will only put a bill in one persons name, some bills in one name and other bills at the same address but in the other spouses name serve the same purpose: showing your financial & social lives intermingled.

3. Copies of actual credit cards, health insurance cards, or other "joint" cards that you have together,

showing same account number.

4. Car, health, or life insurance that has both of your names on the policy or the other spouse listed as the

beneficiary.

5. 401K or other retirement plan with spouse listed as beneficiary (right to survivorship is the technical term)

6. Bank or stock accounts with both of your names on them.

7. A copy of your joint federal and state tax returns (including W-2s and other applicable Schedules and attachments). Sending an official tax transcript from the IRS (for Federal) is beneficial and often preferred as it reflects what was actually filed.

8. A car title or other titles to property showing joint ownership with your spouse.

9. Birth certificate of any children that have been born to your marriage.

10. Documentation of any vacations that you have taken, including flight itineraries, hotel bills, pictures of you

together on vacation.

11. Other family pictures of you together.

12. Documentary proof showing evidence of your children together (Copy of Birth Certificate, photos, etc)

13. Copies of Christmas cards and other holiday cards addressed to you both

Mailing the Packet & What to do While You Wait

The I-751 form and accompanying documents are mailed to either the USCIS California or Vermont Service Centers (click here to see the filing location for your state) depending on your state of residence. (Use certified mail or priority mail with delivery confirmation, and write "Attention: I-751 petition to remove conditions of status" on the envelope under the address.) You will receive a notice of receipt for the form stating that "Your alien card is extended one year - employment and travel authorized". Keep the receipt with your green card. If by some chance you are not approved within a year you will want to make an InfoPass appointment to go to your Local Office to request an I-551 stamp in your passport. This does happen as it sometimes it takes over a year to be approved. After your NOA extension expires, this is your only evidence of legal status which you are required to have, by law. This happens occasionally, that a case takes over a year, but its rare. Local Offices will not give an I-551 stamp if you have another type of evidence of status (ie, expired Green Card extension letter).

You may or may not be called for an interview after you submit this form. Procedures have been in flux for the past year or so regarding biometrics collections (fingerprints, and photo) and you may get a letter sending you to your DO or ASC for this service--this is not an interview. Simply follow the instructions that YOU receive from USCIS and dont worry too much about other peoples situations. Yours is the one that counts for you. If you are selected for an interview, it will be at your local USCIS office, not at the service center. Most typically, you have already had a biometrics appointment before your notice of approval, and your new Green Card will be mailed to you. However, you should follow all directions received from USCIS. I-751 cases are generally completed in 6-12 months, currently. Once you receive the 10-year green card, it should be renewed every 10 years, if you do not become a U.S. citizen in the interim. Instructions for renewing your card are here: How Do I Renew My Permanent Resident Card (Green Card)?

Note on Case #s: The case number on the NOA1 is not linked to the USCIS case update site - you have to wait for the case number that comes with the biometrics letter.