首先是跟单信用证和光票信用证
在进行这二者类别划分的时候，主要是看用户所给出的信用证，其汇票是有货运单据还是没有货运单据?以此来区分上述二者。在国际商贸领域之中跟单信用证也被称之为Documentary Credit，在当下我不和欧美等国家展开的商贸往来，以及和日本韩国等国家展开的商贸往来中所使用的贸易结算方式，多数情况下都是这一种。
例如国内某钢材销售企业在和美国的一家公司进行商务往来时，在其发盘函中明确的写到：
Hello, Mr. Brown.
After receiving your final offer, we are very pleased to have finally reached an agreement with you. The steel we are selling will be sold to you at the price we have reached. Please accept the steel in time.
As we have no stock of the building steel structural steel required by you, the sales of the products in this respect are not yet possible. If you have time to sell the products, we hope to reach a contract with you again in mid-November, and our production enterprises will have 75 tons of buildings by mid-November. Steel structure steel inventory can meet your companys needs.
Kindly send the payment to the Bank of China New York Branch account in time. The bank will issue a letter of credit for you. The opening bank of this letter of credit obtained by you will inform us by the bank in different parts of China that we will issue the goods to you in accordance with the relevant contract. The date of shipment will be From October 20 to October 25, the mode of shipment is by sea. The insurance and transportation costs will be covered by our company.
Please reply to your letter as soon as possible.
布朗先生你好
接到了贵公司的最终报价之后，我方感到非常欣喜，最终和贵方达成了一致，此次所销售的这批钢材将以我们所达成的价格销售给贵方，请贵方及时接收这批钢材。
贵方所需求的建筑钢结构钢材，由于我公司已没有库存，所以这方面的产品销售目前还无法达成，如果贵公司在产品销售时间方面还来得及，那么我方希望在11月份中旬再次和贵方达成合同，11中旬我方生产企业将有75吨的建筑钢结构钢材库存，能够满足贵公司需求。
请贵公司及时将货款打到中国银行纽约分行账户之中，由该银行为你方开具信用证明，此后通过贵方所获得的这一信用证开户银行由在中国国内异地银行告知我方，我方会按照相关的合同内容为贵方发出这批钢材，发货日期会在10月20日至10月25日之间，发货方式为海上运输，本次运输过程之中保险费用以及运输费用将由我公司负责。
请贵公司及早回函。
在这篇发盘函中“Kindly send the payment to the Bank of China New York Branch account in good time and the bank will issue a letter of credit for you. The opening bank of this letter of credit obtained by you will inform us by the bank in different parts of China.”就是对信用证实际应用的最好表述。
在实际案例中根据购买方的不同情况信用证有几种类型呢，其包括以下几种。
Revocable letter of credit and irrevocable letter of credit
Confirmed Credit and Unconfirmed Credit
Free negotiation of letters of credit and restricted negotiation letters of credit
Transferable letter of credit and non transferable letter of credit
Sight L / C and usance L / C
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