英语语法中有三种不同的语气。陈述语气用于提出问题、陈述事实或某人表达观点；祈使语气用于指示，请求，希望；而虚拟语气表达愿望，要求，建议或假设。
一、结构
1.与现在的事实相反
从句用过去式，主句would/could/might/should/ 动词原形。
If I had time ，the classroom would be cleaner.
如果我有时间，教室将会更加干净。
2.与过去的事实相反
主句would/could/should/might/ have done , 从句中过去完成时。
If I had finished my homework ，I would have passed that test.
如果当时我完成了我的作业，我就能够通过我的考试了。
3.与将来的事实相反
主句用should/could/would/might/ 动词原形，从句用should do （可能性最大），过去式（可能性一般）were to do （可能性最小）。
If it should snow tomorrow，I would make a snowman.
If it snowed tomorrow，I would make 版权所有a snowman.
If it were to snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman.
如果明天下雪，我将堆一个雪人。
二、虚拟语气六大句型
1.was/were goin某人g to 过去原本要
I was going to go shopping, but I got a phone call which lasted nearly an hour, and by the time the call ended the shops were all shut.
我原本要去逛街，但我接到了一通通话时间将近一小时的电话，而当通话终于结束时，所有店家都关门了。
2.was/were set to 过去本来准备（做）
I was set to go on holiday, but then my car broke down,翻译 and I had to spend the money on repairs instead.
我原本准备好要去度假了，可是我的车坏掉了，而我只能花钱去修理它。
3.would have 本来想要
I would have called you yesterday but my phone英文 wasn’t working.
我昨天本来要打给你的，但我的电话坏掉了。
4.had the intention of 原本有做某事的意图
I had the intention of returning the book to the library last英文 week, but I have a friend staying, and she’s been reading it.
我上礼拜原本要把书还回图书馆的，但我有个朋友暂住下来，而她还在读那本书。
5. had it all arranged to 原本安排好（做）
I had it all arranged to give my friend a surprise party, but then she found out about my plan, and said she didn’t want one!
我原本预计要给我朋友一个惊喜的派对，但她发现了我的计划，而且说她不想要！
6. if only 如果、要是
If only I’d listened to your advice, then I wouldn’t have invested in that stock. I’ve lost a lot of money.
如果我当初有听你的意见，我就不会投资那支股票了。我赔了很多钱。
三、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
1.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
（1）“wish 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had 过去分词”或“could(should) have 过去分词”。
I wish it were spring all the year round.
要是全年都是春天就好了。
I wish I had known the answer.
要是我知道答案就好了。
I wish I could fly like a bird.
要是我能像鸟儿一样飞翔就好了。
（2）在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest，order，advise，propose，demand，require，insist request，command等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should 动词原形或是动词原形。
She suggested we (should) leave here at once.
她建议我们最好立刻离开这儿。
The doctor ordered she should be operated.
医生命令给她动手术。
2.虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） 动词原形”。
His suggestion that we (should) go to Shanghai is wonderful.
他提出的归某要我们去上海的建议真不错。
My idea is that they (should) pay 100 dollars.
我想他们应该付100美元。
3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用
（1）在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。
It is necessary that we should clean the room every day.
我们每天收拾屋子是很必要的。
It was a pity that you should be so careless.
太遗憾了，你这么粗心。
It will be desired that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
希望她今天下午完成她的作业。
（2）从句表示的是事实时，如果说人对这种事实表现出版权所有惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句。
It is pity that you can’t swim.
你不会游泳真令人遗憾。
四、情态动词表示的虚拟语气
1.should 动词原形（有时省略should）
（1）用在动词如advise，command，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，recommend，request，urge，require，suggest等后的宾语从句中。
They requested that we send a delegation to their country.
他们要求我们派一位代表去他们国家。
（2）用在it is suggested，it is desired，it is required，it was ordered，it was propose翻译d，it has been decided，it is necessary that等引导的主语从句中。
It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.
我们希望今晚把一切准备妥当。
（3）用在suggestion，motion，proposal，order，plan，idea，recommendation，requirement等引导的表语从句和同位语从句。
He put his coat over the child in case he should catch col归某d.
他把外套盖在孩子身上以免他感冒。
2.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
他们交谈甚欢，就好像是熟识多年的朋友一样。
3.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中
It is time you handed in your test paper.
该是你交卷纸的时候了。
4.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中
I wish I were as strong as you.
我希望我像你一样强壮。
He insisted that we take up the matter at the meeting.
他坚持要我们在会议上讨论这件事。
5.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中
Could you spare me a few minutes?
你能抽出几分钟时间吗？
You might have told me earlier.
你本可以更早点告诉我的。
Hadn’t you better go and see you dentist about that tooth?
关于你那副牙，你不觉得最好去看牙医吗？
6.用在表示祝愿的简单句中
Long live world peace.
愿世界长久和平。
May you succeed.
你会成功的。
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